{"id":863,"date":"2023-08-29T10:10:52","date_gmt":"2023-08-29T10:10:52","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.integration-iptp-smc.org\/?page_id=863"},"modified":"2024-01-24T14:48:03","modified_gmt":"2024-01-24T14:48:03","slug":"malaria-in-young-children","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.integration-iptp-smc.org\/fr\/malaria-in-young-children\/","title":{"rendered":"Le paludisme chez les jeunes enfants"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"wp-block-cover alignfull\" style=\"min-height:800px;aspect-ratio:unset;\"><span aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-cover__background has-background-dim-60 has-background-dim\"><\/span><img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"450\" height=\"253\" class=\"wp-block-cover__image-background wp-image-1917\" alt=\"\" src=\"https:\/\/www.integration-iptp-smc.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/cHJpdmF0ZS9sci9pbWFnZXMvd2Vic2l0ZS8yMDIyLTA0L3JtMzczYmF0Y2gxNS1iZy0xNGQteC5qcGc-6.webp\" data-object-fit=\"cover\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.integration-iptp-smc.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/cHJpdmF0ZS9sci9pbWFnZXMvd2Vic2l0ZS8yMDIyLTA0L3JtMzczYmF0Y2gxNS1iZy0xNGQteC5qcGc-6.webp 450w, https:\/\/www.integration-iptp-smc.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/cHJpdmF0ZS9sci9pbWFnZXMvd2Vic2l0ZS8yMDIyLTA0L3JtMzczYmF0Y2gxNS1iZy0xNGQteC5qcGc-6-300x169.webp 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 450px) 100vw, 450px\" \/><div class=\"wp-block-cover__inner-container is-layout-flow wp-block-cover-is-layout-flow\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns alignwide is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-8f761849 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:55%\">\n<div style=\"height:52px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"><div class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\">\n<iframe title=\"Bringing Seasonal Malaria Chemoprevention to the Sahel\" width=\"750\" height=\"422\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/H-WbL5EgYVs?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe>\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:48px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"font-size:18px\">Le paludisme touche de mani\u00e8re disproportionn\u00e9e les enfants de moins de 5 ans. <em>P. falciparum<\/em> paludisme est responsable de plus de 200. 000 d\u00e9c\u00e8s d'enfants par an en Afrique et <em>P.<\/em> <em>vivax <\/em>paludisme est bien document\u00e9 comme cause d\u2019an\u00e9mie grave et de surmortalit\u00e9 chez les enfants en Asie et en Oc\u00e9anie (Ashley and Poespoprodjo, 2020).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"font-size:18px\">Les principales pr\u00e9sentations cliniques du paludisme chez les enfants de moins de 5 ans sont divis\u00e9es en paludisme simple et paludisme grave (Ashley et Poespoprodjo, 2020).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"font-size:18px\">Concernant le paludisme simple, il se caract\u00e9rise par des sympt\u00f4mes similaires \u00e0 d'autres infections syst\u00e9miques tels que fi\u00e8vre associ\u00e9e \u00e0 des frissons, somnolence et irritabilit\u00e9, diarrh\u00e9e, naus\u00e9es et vomissements, ict\u00e8re (Poespoprodjo <em>et al<\/em>., 2009; Ibhanesebhor, 1995).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"font-size:18px\">Si <em>P. falciparum<\/em> paludisme chez les jeunes enfants n'est pas trait\u00e9 rapidement, il \u00e9volue rapidement d'une maladie non compliqu\u00e9e \u00e0 une maladie potentiellement grave et mortelle. En fait, cela conduit souvent \u00e0 un paludisme c\u00e9r\u00e9bral ou \u00e0 une an\u00e9mie palustre grave (Mutombo, 2018).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"font-size:18px\">Les enfants jusqu'\u00e0 5 ans d\u00e9veloppent plus facilement un paludisme grave que les adultes car cette tranche d'\u00e2ge correspond \u00e0 la p\u00e9riode pendant laquelle un enfant a perdu les anticorps maternels et d\u00e9veloppe progressivement l'immunit\u00e9 n\u00e9cessaire pour se d\u00e9fendre contre les maladies (Carneiro <em>et al<\/em>., 2010; Okiro <em>et al<\/em>., 2009).\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"font-size:18px\">La pr\u00e9valence la plus \u00e9lev\u00e9e de ces formes graves de <em>P. falciparum<\/em> P. falciparum paludisme en Afrique se produit pendant la saison des pluies. L'humidit\u00e9 favorise en effet la multiplication du vecteur responsable de la transmission du paludisme (Oduro <em>et al<\/em>., 2007; Appawu <em>et al<\/em>., 2004).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"font-size:18px\">Quant aux femmes enceintes, les deux composantes de la pr\u00e9vention du paludisme chez les enfants jusqu'\u00e0 5 ans sont la r\u00e9duction de l'exposition aux moustiques infect\u00e9s et la chimioprophylaxie. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"font-size:18px\">Pour r\u00e9duire l'exposition aux moustiques infect\u00e9s, des moustiquaires impr\u00e9gn\u00e9es d'insecticide sont utilis\u00e9es.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"font-size:18px\">Concernant la chimioprophylaxie, l'OMS recommande la chimiopr\u00e9vention du paludisme saisonnier (CPS), un traitement pr\u00e9ventif intermittent, dans les zones \u00e0 forte transmission saisonni\u00e8re du paludisme comme la sous-r\u00e9gion du Sahel. Le CPS consiste en un traitement complet de 3 jours par amodiaquine plus sulfadoxine-pyrim\u00e9thamine qui doit \u00eatre administr\u00e9 aux enfants \u00e2g\u00e9s de 3 \u00e0 59 mois \u00e0 intervalles mensuels, jusqu'\u00e0 un maximum de quatre doses pendant la saison de transmission du paludisme (Schumacher et Spinelli, 2012).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"font-size:18px\">Les CPS sont d\u00e9livr\u00e9s lors de visites fixes ou en porte-\u00e0-porte par des agents de sant\u00e9 communautaires ou des relais communautaires.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity is-style-wide\"\/>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:63px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"font-size:16px\"><em><strong>Mots cl\u00e9s<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"font-size:16px\">jusqu'\u00e0 5 ans, anticorps maternels, saison des pluies, chimiopr\u00e9vention du paludisme saisonnier, amodiaquine, sulfadoxine-pyrim\u00e9thamine, livraison porte \u00e0 porte<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:34px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"font-size:14px\"><strong><em>Sources:<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"font-size:14px\"><em>1.&nbsp;Appawu, M., et al. (2004) Malaria transmission dynamics at a site in northern Ghana. Trop Med Int Health. 9, 164-70<br>2.&nbsp;Ashley, A.E., Poespoprodjo, J.R. (2020) Treatment and prevention of malaria in children. Lancet Child Adolesc Health. 4, 775-89<br>3.&nbsp;Carneiro, I., et al. (2010) Age patterns of malaria vary with severity, transmission intensity and seasonality in Sub-Saharan Africa: a systematic review and pooled analysis. PLoS One. 5, 1-10<br>4.&nbsp;Ibhanesebhor, S.E. (1995) Clinical characteristics of neonatal malaria. J Trop Pediatr. 41, 330-3<br>5.&nbsp;Mutombo, A.M., et al. (2018) Severe malaria and death risk factors among children under 5 years at Jason Sendwe Hospital in Democratic Republic of Congo. Pan Afr Med J. 29, 184<br>6.&nbsp;Oduro, A.R., et al. (2007) Severe falciparum malaria in young children of the Kassena-Nankana district of northern Ghana. Malar J. 6, 96<br>7.&nbsp;Okiro, E.A., Al-Taiar Reyburn, H., Idro, R., Berkley, J.A., Snow, R. (2009) Age patterns of severe paediatric malaria and their relationship to Plasmodium falciparum transmission intensity. Malar J. 8, 4<br>8.&nbsp;Poespoprodjo, J.R., et al. (2009) Vivax malaria: a major cause of morbidity in early infancy. Clin Infect Dis. 48, 1704-12<br>9. Schumacher, R., Spinelli, E. (2012) Malaria in Children. Mediterr J Hematol Infect Dis. 4<\/em><br>\u00b7&nbsp;<a href=\"http:\/\/www.mmv.org\/\">www.mmv.org<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:12px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Sources: 1.&nbsp;Appawu, M., et al. (2004) Malaria transmission dynamics at a site in northern Ghana. Trop Med Int Health. 9, 164-702.&nbsp;Ashley, A.E., Poespoprodjo, J.R. (2020) Treatment and prevention of malaria in children. Lancet Child Adolesc Health. 4, 775-893.&nbsp;Carneiro, I., et al. (2010) Age patterns of malaria vary with severity, transmission [&hellip;]<\/p>","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"_eb_attr":"","footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-863","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.integration-iptp-smc.org\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/863","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.integration-iptp-smc.org\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.integration-iptp-smc.org\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.integration-iptp-smc.org\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.integration-iptp-smc.org\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=863"}],"version-history":[{"count":21,"href":"https:\/\/www.integration-iptp-smc.org\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/863\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2678,"href":"https:\/\/www.integration-iptp-smc.org\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/863\/revisions\/2678"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.integration-iptp-smc.org\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=863"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}